Main factors as associated with early leaving:
(a) family background:
(i) migration or ethnic minority origin;
(ii) lower socioeconomic status of parents;
(iii) parental attitudes towards education;
(b) individual characteristics (not education related):
(i) gender;
(ii) health situation;
(iii) low self-esteem;
(iv) conflictual relationships with adults;
(c) individual’s education pathway:
(i) disengagement from learning;
(ii) absenteeism;
(iii) class repetition;
(iv) low academic achievement;
(v) negative perception of school/education;
(d) school and classroom climate:
(i) conflict with teachers;
(ii) bullying;
(e) labour market attraction.
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